IVI is now considered one of the most commonly performed medical procedures. IVI should be performed by a trained retina specialist with meticulous monitoring of treatment efficacy and detection of rare but potentially serious complications. The injection genrally causes little to no pain. The IVI is an office procedure performed under topical anesthesia in which medication is placed inside the eye by a very small needle. Eye drops, laser, and surgery can be effective in many diseases, but the mainstay of treatment is intravitreal injections (IVI). The most effective treatment strategies for macular edema address the underlying cause (diabetes, blood vessel occlusion, neovascularization, inflammation, etc), as well as an excess of fluid leaking from abnormal blood vessels in and around the macula. Because ME involves the macular center (the fovea), vision is poor (large red arrow).
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